kingitanga

Māori King movement origins

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  In May 2008 Māori gathered at Ngāruawāhia to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the formation of the Kīngitanga, or Māori King Movement. The current king, Te Arikinui Tūheitia Paki, was crowned in August 2006 following the death of his mother, Dame Te Atairangikaahu.

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• Page 2 – Overview

  On 23 May 2006 the Māori Queen, Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu, celebrated the 40th jubilee of her coronation. She was the sixth Māori monarch and the longest-serving.

• Page 3 – The land issue

  Pressure to sell land was a key factor in the creation of the Kīngitanga. Before European settlement Māori had no concept of selling land and few chiefs had the authority to

• Page 4 – In search of a king

  The Kīngitanga has often been described as a Waikato initiative, yet its origins can be traced to Ōtaki on the Kāpiti Coast.

• Page 5 – Pōtatau Te Wherowhero

  In April 1857, at Rangiriri, Pōtatau agreed to become king. He was crowned and anointed at Ngāruawāhia in June 1858.

• Page 6 – A challenge to European authority?

  Pōtatau established a boundary between the territory in which his authority held sway and that of the governor: 'Let Maungatautari [River] be our boundary. Do not encroach on

• Page 7 – Further information

  This web feature was written by Steve Watters and produced by the NZHistory team.LinksThe King movement (Te Ara)Waikato (Te Ara)Mātene Te Whiwhi biography (DNZB)Pōtatau Te

Māori King movement - 1860-94

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  King Tāwhiao's reign was dominated by the Waikato War and the fallout from it.

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• Page 2 – Build-up to war

  Like his father, King Tāwhiao had no intention of becoming involved in the war in Taranaki. The government, however, remained unconvinced of this. In July 1860 Governor Gore

• Page 3 – Response to war

  The invasion of Waikato unified the factions within the Kīngitanga, whose forces won some victories despite being at an overwhelming disadvantage in terms of manpower and

• Page 4 – Raupatu

  Under the terms of the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863 the government confiscated huge areas of Māori land in late 1864.

• Page 5 – Maintaining Te Kīngitanga

  By the early 1870s, the Kīngitanga was struggling. Living conditions within the Rohe Potae (the Māori King's territory) were poor. Allies such as Ngāti Hauā had resumed selling

• Page 6 – Tensions ease

  It was clear by the 1870s that the Kīngitanga could no longer fight a war. Attempts were made to ease relations between the king and the colonial government.

• Page 7 – The death of Tāwhiao

  Tāwhiao died on 26 August 1894. He was buried at Taupiri after a tangihanga attended by thousands.

• Page 8 – Further information

  This web feature was written by Steve Watters and produced by the NZHistory.net.nz team.LinksDonald McLean biographyGeorge Grey biographyJohn Gorst biographyRewi Maniapoto

War in Waikato

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  After fighting broke out again in Taranaki in early 1863, Governor George Grey turned his attention to the region he saw as the root of his problems with Māori: Waikato, the heartland of the anti-landselling King Movement. Grey vowed to ‘dig around’ the Kīngitanga until it fell.

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• Page 2 – Invasion plans

  Governor Gore Browne demanded that the Kīngitanga submit ‘without reserve’ to the British Queen and began planning an invasion of Waikato shortly before his reassignment to

• Page 6 – The Battle of Ōrākau

  James Belich argues that the British victory at Ōrākau was also their ‘cruellest disappointment of the entire war’. Chris Pugsley, on the other hand, sees Ōrākau as the ‘

The Treaty in practice

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  Amalgamating Māori into colonial settler society was a key part of British policy in New Zealand after 1840. Economic and social change, along with land-purchase programmes, were central to this process.

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• Page 8 – The Waikato-Tainui claim

  The Waikato-Tainui people and the Crown signed a Deed of Settlement in 1995. It included a formal apology for Crown actions in the wars of the 1860s that had brought

Treaty timeline

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  See some of the key events between 1800 and 1849 relating to the Treaty of Waitangi.

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• Page 2 - Treaty events 1850-99See the key events between 1850 and 1899 relating to the Treaty of

War in Taranaki 1860-63

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  In March 1860 war broke out between Europeans and Māori in Taranaki following a dispute over the sale of land at Waitara. It was the beginning of a series of conflicts that would dog Taranaki for 21 years, claiming the lives of hundreds of people and leaving deep scars that persist to the present day.

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• Page 8 – The second Taranaki war

  On 12 March 1863, 300 men of the 57th Regiment evicted Māori from the land they had occupied at Tataraimaka, 20 km south-west of New Plymouth.

Māori and the First World War

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  Māori reactions to serving in the First World War largely reflected iwi experiences of British actions in the 19th century.

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• Page 3 - Māori objection to conscriptionMāori served in the First World War in the Maori Contingent. At home, some Māori strongly opposed

The 1920s

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  The 1920s was the decade that modern New Zealand came of age. Despite political and economic uncertainty, the country shrugged off the gloom of war to embrace the Jazz Age - an era of speed, power and glamour. Explore an overview of the decade and a year-by-year breakdown of key events.

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• Page 4 - 1921 - key eventsA selection of key New Zealand events from

The 1960s

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  Five decades ago most Kiwis enjoyed a standard of living that was the envy of other nations. During the 1960s the arrival of TV and jet airliners shrank our world, and New Zealanders began to express themselves on a range of international issues, including opposition to the Vietnam War.

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• Page 9 - 1966 - key eventsA selection of the key events in New Zealand history from

New Zealand's 19th-century wars

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  War changed the face of New Zealand in the 19th century. Many thousands of Māori died in the intertribal Musket Wars between the 1810s and the 1830s. There were more deaths during the New Zealand Wars of the 1840s to 1870s between some Māori and the Crown, which for many tribes had dire consequences.

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• Page 6 - NZ Wars flagsMany Maori in the 19th century saw the Union Jack as a potent symbol of Great Britain's power in New Zealand. In the New Zealand Wars, Maori who resisted government forces often